How it works

How a verdict gets made

Three questions for every project, answered from public facts and set beside what similar launches did before. Then one verdict, with the sources shown.

  • Is it safe?

    Automatic checks on public data: can anyone read the contract, can the team change the rules in secret, can the token be sold.

  • Is the price and structure fair?

    How much the project is worth at launch, how many tokens can be sold on day one and how many are released in the first year. Set beside what similar launches did.

  • Does it keep its word?

    Every promise is public, has a date, and is checked on the day it falls due.

Then one verdict

  • Ready
  • Not yet
  • Not ready

With the reasons and every source. Today the NOTR team writes it. Who decides

How an analyst builds a reputation

Anyone can become one. No diploma and no followers needed, only a record that anyone can check.

  1. 1Write a first review

    Pick a project that has just launched or is about to. Give your verdict, your arguments with sources, and what would prove you wrong.

  2. 2Write to us

    Write to us on Telegram or by email. We send you a short form and answer your questions. No registration. The team enters your review by hand on your public profile.

  3. 3Facts decide

    When the dates pass, the public record shows who was right. Every call stays on your profile, good or bad.

  4. 4Next: rating and levels

    Once the first round shows the format works, the rating opens. A passport check, a starting rating of 100, a stake on each call. Right calls raise it, wrong ones lower it, and you move up from Newcomer to Expert.

The same process, step by step

  1. 01 · Start

    A launch comes in

    We take launches that have a date and public information. A project can also submit itself. We write down the day we first looked, and everything later is measured from it.

    What it produces

    • Date stamped
    • Public sources listed
  2. 02 · Question 1

    Is it safe?

    Seven automatic checks on public data. Four are hard: fail one and the project stays off the main list. Three are soft and show as warnings.

    What you see

    • Contract source verifiedPASS
    • No hidden admin keysPASS
    • Team can be identifiedWARNING
  3. 03 · Question 2

    Is the price and structure fair?

    Opening valuation, supply trading on day one, what unlocks in the first year, who bought at what price. The same fields for every project. Where a number sits in a place where buyers have lost money before, it gets an attention mark, and we show what similar past launches did.

    What you see

    • Thin floatbacked by data
    • Big unlock aheadour method
    • Similar launches: 82% below first-day price
  4. 04 · Question 3

    Does it keep its word?

    Every promise is public, has a date, and is checked on the day it falls due. If two statements differ, we ask the project, give it 7 days, and publish its answer unedited.

    What you see

    • 3 promises met
    • 1 missed
    • Reply: none within 7 days
  5. 05 · Verdict

    One verdict: Ready, Not yet or Not ready

    The three answers sit next to the verdict, with the sources and what would change it. At launch the NOTR team writes it, and says so. Once verified analysts have a record, their weighted vote takes over.

    What you see

    • Not yet
    • Written by the NOTR team
    • What would change it: listed
  6. 06 · After

    Facts settle it

    Dates pass and the ledger updates. A verdict is never deleted: it stays on the record with its date, right or wrong. Analysts who called it right gain rating, those who called it wrong lose some.

    What you see

    • Verdict stays on the record
    • Right call: rating up
    • Wrong call: rating down

Worked example

One project, start to finish

The same steps, in the order every project goes through them. We follow one made-up project so you can see what each step produces and what you would read on a real page.

Pathforge is a made-up price-feed (oracle) project. Every number below is invented, but every field is a real field on a real NOTR review, built from the same components as the project pages.

Open the full Pathforge page
  1. 01

    A launch comes in

    We take launches that have a date and public information, and any project can submit itself. Being listed is not an endorsement. We record the date we first looked, because everything later is measured from it.

  2. 02

    Entry checks: is it safe?

    Seven checks on public data. Four are hard: fail one and the project stays off the main list. Three are soft and show as warnings. Pathforge passes with 2 warnings: three of six engineers are pseudonymous; supply is concentrated, and a large investor unlock is coming.

    • Contract source verifiedDecides entry

      Source verified.

      Pass
    • No hidden mint or admin keysDecides entry

      Feed upgrades need a timelocked multisig.

      Pass
    • Token can be soldDecides entry

      Transfers are unrestricted.

      Pass
    • Official links match the contractDecides entry

      Links match the deployed contracts.

      Pass
    • Audit publishedShown as a warning

      Oracle audit published; findings fixed in a follow-up.

      Pass
    • Team can be identifiedShown as a warning

      Three of six engineers are pseudonymous.

      Warning
    • Supply and vesting are publicShown as a warning

      Supply is concentrated, and a large investor unlock is coming.

      Warning

    These checks run automatically on public data, before any review is written. A failed hard check keeps a project off the main list. Warnings stay visible, and the verdict weighs how much they matter.

  3. 03

    Price and structure: is it fair?

    The same fields for every project: opening valuation $260M, 10.4x its last private round, 10% of supply trading on day one, 20% unlocking in the next 12 months. When a number sits where buyers have lost money before, it gets an attention mark. Pathforge gets 4 of them. A mark is a pointer, never a verdict and never a forecast.

    Attention marks

    • Thin float backed by our data

      Only 10% of supply traded at launch. In our backtest, 17 of the 18 launches with under 15% on day one ended below their first-day price (median -85%).

    • Big jump over the last round not yet testable

      Opened at 10.4x the valuation of its last private round. Not yet testable: private round prices are not in any free dataset, so we record them in every review.

    • A promise was missed recorded fact

      1 of 5 dated promises in the ledger are marked missed.

    • Questions unanswered recorded fact

      The project did not reply within the 7-day window.

    Marks point at structures that have hurt buyers before. They do not remove a project from the list, they are not a forecast, and they never replace the verdict. How each mark was tested

    The price

    Opening valuation (FDV)

    $260M

    Last private round

    $25M

    Seed, Jun 2024

    Jump over the last round

    10.4x

    Valuation / yearly revenue

    433x

    Revenue $600K a year

    The supply

    Trading at launch

    10%

    Share of total supply

    Unlocks in next 12 months

    20%

    Share of total supply

    The full unlock calendar, in dates and amounts, is on the Onchain & whales tab.

    Who paid what

    GroupShare of supplyPaid vs opening priceLock-up
    Public buyers8%1xNone
    Investors25%0.08x6-month cliff, then monthly over 18 months
    Team and advisers20%–12-month cliff, 24-month vesting

    A group that paid 0.2x of the opening price is sitting on a five-fold gain from day one. That is not wrong in itself, but buyers should know it and know when that group can sell.

    What similar launches did

    Launches with an opening valuation of $150M–300M

    17 launches · 82% below first-day price · median −65%

    Launches with under 15% of supply trading on day one

    18 launches · 94% below first-day price · median −85%

    From our backtest of real launches, as context for Pathforge and never as a forecast. Explore the data

  4. 04

    What similar launches did

    We hold the project's numbers up against our backtest of 77 real launches. The two lines at the bottom of the price section above are that comparison: for example, 17 launches in the same valuation band, 82% of them below their first-day price. It is how we say "buyers have been here before" with data instead of opinion.

    • What it is: context for the reader. How launches with a similar valuation and supply have done since their first day.
    • What it is not: a price forecast, and not a reason by itself to reject a project. A group with fewer than 8 launches is labelled "too few".
    See the whole backtest
  5. 05

    The promise ledger: does it keep its word?

    Each promise is public, with a date, and is checked on the day it falls due. Pathforge has met 3 of 5, missed 1 ("Publish Q3 treasury report"), and 1 is still in progress. We asked the project about it before publishing and show its answer exactly as written, or the fact that there was none.

    1. Launch mainnet feeds for 12 assets

      DoneApr 1, 2025

      All 12 feeds live within one week of the target date.

    2. Publish audit report

      DoneJul 1, 2025

      One audit completed; no findings above low severity.

    3. Integrate with 5 partner protocols

      DoneNov 1, 2025

      Reached 5 integrations, though usage is concentrated in the top 2.

    4. Publish Q3 treasury report

      MissedOct 1, 2026

      No report has been published as of this page's last update.

    5. Expand to 25 supported assets

      In progressJan 1, 2027

      14 of 25 assets live; feed usage is still concentrated in a few partners.

    Right of reply · No response yet

    Pathforge was invited to respond to this page on Sep 20, 2026 and has not yet replied.

  6. 06

    Then one verdict

    The three answers sit side by side, and the verdict goes next to them. At launch the NOTR team writes it on public facts and says so. Once verified analysts have a record, their weighted vote takes over.

    Verdict · written by the NOTR team (example)

    Not yet

    Entry checks pass with two warnings. It opened at 10.4x the valuation of its last round, only 10% of supply traded at launch, and 20% unlocks within a year. One dated promise is missed and the project has not replied to our questions. None of this says the project will fail. It says a buyer should wait for the answers below.

    What would change it

    • The Q3 treasury report is published.
    • The project replies to our questions, or says why it will not.
    • A public plan for the December investor unlock.

    Is it safe?

    Passed, with 2 warnings

    No hard check failed. Soft checks are shown as warnings.

    Entry checks →

    Is the price and structure fair?

    4 attention marks

    Thin float · Big jump over the last round · A promise was missed · Questions unanswered

    Price & structure →

    Does it keep its word?

    3 of 5 promises met

    1 missed. Reply to our questions: no reply.

    Promise ledger →
  7. 07

    Afterwards, the facts settle it

    Dates pass and the ledger updates. A verdict is never deleted: it stays on the record with the date it was given, whether it proved right or wrong. When analysts are voting, those who were right gain rating and those who were wrong lose some. That is how a track record forms that no one can buy.

Attention marks

What a mark means, and what backs it

Marks are a short list of structures that have hurt buyers before. Each one says when it appears, and what our data shows about it.

  • Thin float

    backed by our data

    Under 15% of total supply trades on day one.

    17 of 18 such launches in our backtest ended below their first-day price (median -85%), against 76% of the rest.

  • Very small launch

    backed by our data

    The opening valuation is under $50 million.

    14 of 16 such launches are below their first-day price (median -87%), the weakest valuation group in our data.

  • Rich price

    outside study

    The opening valuation is $1 billion or more.

    Memento Research found none of the 28 launches of 2025 that opened at $1 billion or more was above its launch price. Our sample has only 4 such launches, too few to confirm it.

  • Big jump over the last round

    not yet testable

    It opens at 5x or more the valuation of its last private round.

    Private round prices are not in free data. We record them in every review and will test the mark on our own record.

  • Big unlock ahead

    not yet testable

    More than 25% of supply unlocks in the next 12 months.

    Public price data does not track unlocks (we checked). We record the unlock calendar in every review and will test the mark on our own record.

  • A promise was missed

    recorded fact

    A dated promise in the ledger is marked missed.

    A recorded fact with its source, not a price signal.

  • Questions unanswered

    recorded fact

    The project did not reply within 7 days, or declined to.

    We always show the questions and the date we asked.

  • Critical red flag open

    recorded fact

    A critical issue found in the review is still open.

    Shown with the source of the finding.

A mark never removes a project from the list, is not a forecast and does not replace the verdict. The thresholds are a starting point built on a small sample. If the data says they should move, we will move them and say so. See the test results

Entry checks

Junk is stopped before anyone reads a review

Every project gets automatic checks of what can be verified from public data. This keeps the main list for projects that deserve a closer look.

  • Contract source verified

    Can anyone read the contract code on a chain explorer?

    Decides entry
  • No hidden mint or admin keys

    Can an owner create tokens or take funds without limits?

    Decides entry
  • Token can be sold

    Can holders actually sell, with no honeypot or blocked transfers?

    Decides entry
  • Official links match the contract

    Do the website, socials and contract point at each other?

    Decides entry
  • Audit published

    Has an outside firm audited the contracts that hold funds?

    Shown as a warning
  • Team can be identified

    Are the people behind it named, with a checkable history?

    Shown as a warning
  • Supply and vesting are public

    Is it clear who holds the supply and when it unlocks?

    Shown as a warning

Fail a hard check and the project is not listed with the others. It appears under “Didn't pass entry” with the reasons, and can come back once it fixes them. Soft checks never block a project. They show as warnings, and the verdict weighs how much they matter.

The evidence

8 checks every verdict starts from

Each check is marked met, partly met or not met from public data. We do not add them into one number: a total would hide which check failed. The checklist is context for whoever writes the verdict, never the verdict itself.

Onchain activity

Whether real usage — deposits, trades, active wallets — is growing, flat, or shrinking.

Example sources: Chain explorers · Public dashboards · Protocol analytics pages

Steady or growing activity from a broad, diversifying set of wallets.

Activity concentrated in a handful of wallets, or usage trending down.

Team verified

Whether the people building the project are identifiable and have a checkable history.

Example sources: Team pages · LinkedIn / public profiles · Prior project history

Named founders and leads with a verifiable, consistent track record.

A fully pseudonymous team with no cross-checkable history.

Code audit

Whether the contracts that hold funds have been independently reviewed, and what was found.

Example sources: Published audit reports · Bug bounty pages · GitHub repositories

Recent audits from recognized firms with findings resolved.

No audit, an outdated audit, or open high/critical findings.

Tokenomics and unlocks

How much supply is locked up, who holds it, and how large future unlocks are.

Example sources: Tokenomics docs · Vesting contracts · Chain explorers

A public schedule with small, gradual unlocks and broad distribution.

Large cliffs concentrated with insiders, due soon, with no public schedule.

Kept past promises

Whether the team ships what it said it would, roughly when it said it would.

Example sources: Public roadmaps · Changelogs · Community announcements

A track record of shipping committed milestones on or near schedule.

Repeated delays, silent scope cuts, or missed milestones.

Treasury transparency

Whether anyone can see what the treasury holds and how it's being spent.

Example sources: Treasury wallet addresses · Spending reports · Governance forums

A public treasury address with regular, itemized spending reports.

An undisclosed treasury or reporting that has lapsed.

Legal structure

Whether there is a named, jurisdictioned legal entity standing behind the project.

Example sources: Terms of service · Corporate registries · Whitepaper disclosures

A named entity, disclosed jurisdiction, and terms covering the product.

No named entity or jurisdiction disclosed anywhere in public materials.

Manipulation signals

Whether trading volume and social activity look organic or artificially inflated.

Example sources: Exchange volume data · Social listening tools · Chain explorers

Volume and sentiment that move in line with real product news.

Volume spikes or coordinated posting with no matching real-world event.

The checklist for Tidewater Swap (fictional), check by check

Onchain activity

Transaction volume, active wallets, and contract usage trends over the last 90 days.

Met

Daily swappers up 22% over 90 days; volume spread across 400+ pools.

Source: Onchain explorer
Team verified

Whether core contributors have confirmed, cross-checked identities and a track record.

Met

Five of seven core contributors verified; two engineers remain pseudonymous.

Source: Project website
Code audit

Coverage and severity of findings from independent smart-contract audits.

Met

Two independent audits; all high-severity findings resolved and re-verified.

Source: Audit report
Tokenomics and unlocks

How concentrated supply is and whether the vesting schedule is public and being followed.

Partly met

Linear team vesting, but a large investor tranche unlocks in Q1 2027.

Source: Onchain explorer
Kept past promises

Share of publicly committed roadmap milestones the team actually delivered on time.

Met

7 of 10 roadmap milestones delivered on time; the v2 router slipped by 7 weeks.

Source: Project website
Treasury transparency

Whether treasury wallets are disclosed and spending is reported on a regular cadence.

Partly met

Fee vault address is public; spending reports are published semi-annually.

Source: Onchain explorer
Legal structure

Existence of a named legal entity, jurisdiction, and terms covering the token or product.

Partly met

Operating company named; jurisdiction disclosed, no terms covering the token.

Source: Project website
Manipulation signals

Wash-trading, coordinated social activity, and other red flags detected in market data.

Met

Isolated wash-trading in two small pools; none on the main pairs.

Source: Onchain explorer

Met: clear public evidence. Partly met: some evidence, with gaps. Not met: the evidence is missing or points the other way.

Who decides

Today the NOTR team. Later, verified analysts

Where we are today

At launch, the verdict is written by the NOTR team, on public facts only, with every source and date shown. It is an editorial verdict, and we say so on every review.

Analysts can join now, in a first round. You send a written review with sources, and the team enters it by hand on your public profile. Rating, levels and the passport check come next. Once analysts have a record, their weighted vote takes over from the editorial verdict. We will announce the switch publicly, and every earlier verdict stays on the record, right or wrong.

Become an analyst

Verified people decide

Everyone who votes is a real person, checked against a passport by an outside provider, with a public nickname. One person, one account. They answer one question: is this project ready? Each writes why and stakes part of their own rating.

Rating sets the weight

Everyone starts at 100. A person's rating comes only from past calls that turned out right. The more rating staked, the more the vote weighs. A crowd of new accounts cannot decide a verdict: all Newcomers together count for at most 25%.

Votes stay sealed

Votes are hidden until the voting window closes, so nobody can copy the loudest voice or follow a leader. Then every vote and reason becomes public next to the nickname.

Facts settle it

When a promise falls due, the facts decide who was right. People who were right gain rating. People who were wrong lose what they staked. That loss is what makes a vote worth reading.

For later: the analyst voteLevels, how the vote is counted, the Newcomer cap, the fixed rules and the open poll
  1. 1

    Newcomer

    under 500

    Everyone starts here, at 100. Can vote and stake up to half of their rating. All Newcomers together weigh at most 25%.

  2. 2

    Member

    500–1,499

    Has a record of right calls. Full weight for the stake placed.

  3. 3

    Analyst

    1,500–2,499

    A trusted record. Can be picked for random review panels.

  4. 4

    Expert

    2,500 and up

    The strongest record. Reviews flagged votes and appeals.

One verdict, line by line

Who staked what on an example page, and how the percentage, the verdict and the agreement label fall out.

Pathforge (fictional)

  • Ada LindgrenReady160 REP
  • Rina TakahashiReady140 REP
  • Sara QuinteroNot yet120 REP
  • Kofi MensahNot yet100 REP
  • Dmitri VolkovNot yet50 REP

Ready 300 REPNot yet 270 REPtotal 570 REP

300 ÷ 570 = 53% ready. That falls between 35% and 64%, so the verdict is Not yet, and because the leading side holds under 60%, it is labeled Contested. Two voters said ready, three said not yet, but weight follows the stake, not the headcount.

  • Ready65% or more of staked reputation says ready
  • Not yet35% to 64%: open questions
  • Not readyunder 35%

When a crowd of new accounts shows up

The Newcomer cap in action: same project, same votes, with and without it.

Blorp Coin (fictional): a wave of new accounts

Five brand-new accounts all vote ready within days, with short, excited reasons. They placed 58% of all the stake. The established voters, who checked the contracts, mostly say not ready.

Without the cap61% ready · Not yet

With the cap (Newcomers count for at most 25%)30% ready · Not ready

Without the cap the crowd would pull the verdict up to Not yet. With it, the verdict stays at Not ready. The same project would not have been listed at all: it already failed the entry checks.

What is fixed, and what cannot be bought

No reason, no vote
Every vote needs a written reason of at least 60 characters. A bare “yes” or “no” is not accepted from anyone.
One person, one account
Voting needs a passport check by an outside provider. NOTR does not keep the documents, and only the nickname is public. A second account for the same person is blocked.
Stake is capped by rating
A person can stake at most half of their rating on one call. Everyone starts at 100, so early votes weigh little.
Newcomers are capped together
All Newcomers (rating under 500) together count for at most 25% of the weight in any verdict. Fresh accounts can speak, but they cannot decide.
Right earns, wrong loses the stake
A right call adds 60% of the stake to the rating. A wrong call removes the whole stake. So a voter must be right about 5 times in 8 just to stay level.
Lost rating is burned
Rating lost on a wrong call is removed, not paid to anyone. Nobody profits from another person's mistake.
Votes are sealed, then public
Votes stay hidden until the window closes, so nobody can copy anybody. After that, every vote and reason is public, and a published vote cannot be edited. If facts change, a person can add a new one.
Conflicts mean a ban
Holding the project's token or having a link to its team must be declared before voting, and such people cannot vote. A hidden conflict found later means a ban and loss of rating. Projects cannot vote or pay voters.
Collusion is detected
Votes that arrive together, repeat the same wording, or come from linked wallets and devices are flagged and reviewed by Experts.
A hard check always wins
A project that fails a hard entry check, such as a hidden mint key, is not listed with the others and cannot be voted as ready, however many votes it collects.
Readiness, not price
A verdict says whether a project looks ready on the public record. It never says whether to buy a token.

The open poll

Preview · Voting opens later

Next to the verdict sits an open poll. Anyone can answer the same question and leave a comment, without a passport check. It is a mood meter: where the crowd stands.

The open poll never changes the verdict, because anyone can join it with any number of accounts. A big gap between the poll and the verified voters is worth reading the reasons for.

Tiers and money

Projects pay for the review, never for the result

NOTR cannot fine a project that never agreed to it. So there are two clear tiers, and the money rules are the same for everyone.

Verified

A project that came to NOTR on its own.

  • Passed the entry checks and published dated promises.
  • Posted a bond behind those promises.
  • Gets the Verified badge and a place in the main list.
  • Only a missed, pre-agreed promise can cost part of the bond.

Not verified

A project that is already trading and did not apply.

  • Shown from public data only: contract, owner rights, holders.
  • Reviewed on the same three questions, and the verdict is public.
  • No bond and no fine.
  • The missing badge is itself a signal.
A fixed review fee
A project pays one fixed fee to be reviewed. It is the same whatever the verdict, so NOTR earns nothing from a good or a bad result.
A bond as a guarantee
A project that wants the highest trust locks a bond and publishes measurable promises. Keep them and the bond returns. Miss them and part of it goes to the people affected, is burned, or funds the review pool. It is never NOTR income.
Tools for projects
Projects can pay for a profile, a widget for their own site and analytics, like business tools on a review site. These never touch the verdict. The right of reply is free.
People stake reputation, not money
Analysts risk their rating, not cash. That keeps the system about being right, and away from betting.

We never judge a project by its token price alone. A project that keeps its promises is not at fault if the market ignores it.

See how the bond works

FAQ

Common questions

Is this real data?

Partly. The problem page and our reviews of real projects (LEVER, Grvt) use real, sourced data. The demo project pages use fictional projects and numbers to show how a review looks; they carry an "Illustrative data" label. Live market numbers come from public sources.

Does NOTR tell me whether to buy or sell?

No. A verdict says whether a project looks ready on the public record. It never says buy, sell or hold. The decision, and the risk, is yours. Nothing here is investment advice.

How does NOTR keep out junk projects?

In two layers. First, automatic entry checks on public data: verified contract, no hidden mint or admin keys, a token that can be sold, links that match. A project that fails one stays off the main list and is shown with the reasons. Second, every project that passes gets the same review: price and structure, a public promise ledger, and one verdict with the sources shown.

What is an attention mark?

A short flag on a structure that has hurt buyers before, such as a thin float on day one, a very high opening price, or a big unlock ahead. A mark says where to look first. It does not remove a project from the list, it is not a forecast, and it never replaces the verdict. Each mark shows what our data says about it, and is labelled "our method" where we have no data yet.

Do you use the backtest to predict prices?

No. The backtest is a record of what 77 real launches did, shown beside a review so you can see what buyers of similar launches went through. It is context. It does not set the verdict by itself, and a group with too few launches is labelled that way. The data and the method are open on the problem page.

Who writes the verdict today?

At launch, the NOTR team writes it from public facts, and every review says so. As verified analysts join and build a record of right and wrong calls, their weighted vote takes over, and we will announce the switch.

What happens if a project disagrees?

Every project we review gets our questions and 7 days to reply. Replies are published next to the review, unedited. If we got a fact wrong and the project sends a source, we correct it and date the correction. If a project does not reply, the review says so.

Can a project pay for a good verdict?

No. A project pays a fixed fee for the review, and the fee is the same whatever the verdict. Projects cannot vote or pay voters, and anyone linked to a project cannot vote on it. The right of reply is free.

Is there a score out of 100?

No. There are 8 public checks (onchain activity, team, audit and so on), and each is shown as met, partly met or not met, with its source. We do not add them into one number: a total would hide which check failed and look more exact than it is.

Who can vote, once voting opens?

People who passed a passport check with an outside provider, one account each. Their nickname, rating, reasons and every past call are public. NOTR does not keep the passport documents.

How do I become an analyst?

Right now, in the first round: write to us on Telegram or by email and we send you a short form. Fill it with a first review: your verdict, your arguments with sources and what would prove you wrong. No registration. Later, when the vote opens, you pass a passport check and start with the standard rating. A call that proves right raises your rating and the weight of your vote, a call that proves wrong lowers it. Your record is public.

Can a crowd of fake accounts move the verdict?

No. Every voter needs a passport check, all Newcomers together count for at most 25%, votes stay sealed until the window closes, and votes that look coordinated are flagged for review.

Illustrative data. These are fictional example projects for demonstration purposes only — not a real assessment of any actual project.

Not investment advice. NOTR publishes public data, analysis, and risk signals — never a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold.